Sensitive teeth: why they hurt and what helps

A short, sharp twinge from cold water, hot tea or something sweet is very common. It does not always mean something serious, but it is worth understanding, because sometimes it points to a problem that needs treatment.

Why do teeth become sensitive?

Under the hard enamel is dentine, which contains tiny channels leading towards the nerve. When enamel wears thin or the root is exposed, hot, cold, sweet or acidic things can reach those channels, and you feel a sharp sensation. Common reasons include:

• enamel worn down by hard brushing or by acidic food and drinks
• gums that have shrunk back and exposed the root
• a cavity or a cracked tooth
• grinding or clenching your teeth, often during sleep
• sensitivity for a few days after scaling or a filling

What can you do at home?

• Use a soft toothbrush and brush gently. Hard scrubbing wears enamel and pushes the gum back.
• Try a toothpaste made for sensitive teeth and use it as directed. It can take a few weeks to help.
• Cut down on acidic drinks such as fizzy drinks and fruit juice, and drink water after them.
• If you grind your teeth at night, mention it to your dentist.

Is it a sign of a cavity?

It can be. A cavity can cause a sharp pain with sweet or cold things. If the sensitivity is in one tooth only, keeps happening, or is getting worse, have it checked. See signs of a cavity.

Sensitivity after treatment

After scaling or a filling, sensitivity for a few days is common and usually settles. If it does not, tell your dentist.

When it is more than sensitivity

A twinge that goes away within seconds is the typical pattern of sensitivity. A pain that lingers for minutes after the cold or heat has gone, wakes you at night, or comes with swelling can mean the nerve is inflamed, and the tooth needs to be examined. Read toothache: what to do before your appointment.

When to see a dentist

See a dentist if the sensitivity lasts more than a few weeks despite gentle care, affects a single tooth, or interferes with eating. There are treatments that can protect exposed areas, and your dentist can tell you which are suitable. Foods can play a part too: see food and drinks that harm your teeth.

Dental check-ups are available at both our clinics, in Sayan and on Chhaprabhatha-Variyav Road. Use the booking button below to ask for an appointment.