How to brush your teeth properly, step by step

How long, how often, which brush and toothpaste, and the technique that cleans along the gum line without harming it.

Most people brush every day, but many miss the same places and press too hard. A few small changes make brushing more effective and gentler on your gums.

How often and how long?

Twice a day, for about two minutes each time: once in the morning and once before bed. Brushing before bed matters most, because saliva slows during sleep and plaque has more time to do harm.

Which brush and toothpaste?

A soft-bristled brush with a head small enough to reach the back teeth. Hard bristles can wear enamel and push the gums back.
A toothpaste with fluoride, which helps protect against decay. A pea-sized amount is enough for an adult. For young children, ask your dentist how much to use.
Replace the brush about every three months, or sooner if the bristles splay out.

The technique

Hold the brush at a slight angle, about 45 degrees, towards the gum line.
Use short, gentle circles or small back-and-forth strokes. Do not scrub hard.
Clean the outside, the inside and the chewing surface of every tooth. The inner surfaces of the lower front teeth are often missed.
Take your time, a few seconds per area. Splitting the mouth into four parts helps.
Gently brush your tongue, or use a tongue cleaner.
Spit out the extra toothpaste. Many dentists advise not rinsing with a lot of water afterwards, so the fluoride stays on the teeth a little longer.

Common mistakes

Pressing too hard. This does not clean better and can cause gum recession and sensitivity. See receding gums and loose teeth.
Brushing for 20 seconds instead of two minutes.
Skipping the gum line, which is exactly where plaque collects.
Brushing straight after acidic food or drinks. Wait about half an hour. See food and drinks that harm your teeth.

Brushing is not enough alone

A toothbrush cannot reach between teeth. Clean there once a day. See flossing and cleaning between teeth.

What about an electric brush?

An electric brush can work well, especially if it makes you brush for the full time. Whatever you use, technique and consistency matter more than the type.

When to see a dentist

Ask your dentist to show you how to brush at your next check-up, especially if your gums bleed. Check-ups are available at both our clinics, in Sayan and on Chhaprabhatha-Variyav Road. Use the booking button below to ask for an appointment.

This guide is general information and does not replace a visit to your dentist or doctor. Read our medical disclaimer