Gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis explained

The two stages of gum disease, which one can be reversed, the warning signs to look for, and how a dentist treats it in plain terms.

Gum disease is an infection and inflammation of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It is one of the main reasons adults lose teeth, and it often causes little pain until it is advanced.

What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis is the early stage. Plaque and tartar along the gum line make the gums red, swollen and likely to bleed. The bone holding the teeth is not yet affected. At this stage the damage can be reversed with thorough cleaning, usually a scaling and better home care.

What is periodontitis?

If gingivitis is left, the inflammation can spread below the gum line. The gum pulls away from the tooth and forms pockets, bacteria collect in them, and the bone that supports the tooth slowly wears away. Lost bone does not grow back by itself. Treatment can stop the disease from getting worse, but it cannot easily restore what is lost.

What are the warning signs?

gums that bleed when you brush or floss
red, swollen or tender gums
bad breath that does not go away
gums that look like they are pulling back, so teeth seem longer
teeth that feel loose or have shifted

Many people have none of these in the early stages, which is why regular check-ups matter.

Who is at higher risk?

People who do not clean thoroughly between their teeth, people who use tobacco, and people with diabetes. Gum disease and diabetes can affect each other, so tell your dentist and doctor if you have diabetes.

How is it treated?

The dentist examines the gums, may measure the pockets and may take X-rays. Treatment usually starts with a deep cleaning of the teeth and roots to remove plaque and tartar. You will be shown how to clean at home. More advanced disease can need further treatment, and your dentist will explain it. Afterwards, regular check-ups and cleaning keep it under control.

What can you do?

Brush twice a day, clean between your teeth daily and have regular check-ups. See bleeding gums and receding gums and loose teeth.

When to see a dentist

Come in if your gums bleed repeatedly, swell, or look as if they are pulling back, or if a tooth feels loose. Scaling and gum treatment are available at both our clinics, in Sayan and on Chhaprabhatha-Variyav Road. Use the booking button below to ask for an appointment.

This guide is general information and does not replace a visit to your dentist or doctor. Read our medical disclaimer